**Core Concept**
The patient's symptoms suggest a disorder affecting the sixth cranial nerve (abducens nerve), which is responsible for horizontal eye movement, specifically the abduction of the lateral rectus muscle. The patient's inability to adduct the left eye while attempting right gaze indicates a specific type of cranial nerve palsy.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer is related to the sixth cranial nerve palsy, specifically the internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO) type. INO is characterized by the inability to adduct the eye on the same side as the lesion, while the ipsilateral eye can abduct normally. This is due to the damage to the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF), which is the pathway for the coordination of conjugate eye movements.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option A:** This option would be incorrect as it does not explain the specific pattern of eye movement abnormalities seen in this patient.
* **Option B:** This option might be related to a third cranial nerve palsy, which typically presents with ptosis, mydriasis, and impaired adduction and elevation of the affected eye, not matching the patient's symptoms.
* **Option C:** This option could refer to a fourth cranial nerve palsy, which affects the superior oblique muscle and causes difficulty with downward gaze, not matching the patient's symptoms.
* **Option D:** This option might be related to a second cranial nerve palsy, which affects the optic nerve and causes visual loss, not matching the patient's symptoms.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
The "one-and-a-half syndrome" is a variant of INO where the patient has impaired adduction of the affected eye and impaired abduction of the contralateral eye, due to damage to the MLF and the paramedian pontine reticular formation.

**Correct Answer:** C.