**Core Concept**
The exact location of a genetic locus is identified by a specific technique that combines genetic and physical mapping. This technique is crucial in localizing genes responsible for various traits and diseases. It involves the use of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and other molecular biology tools.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer is **C. Genetic mapping using linkage analysis and association studies**. This technique involves identifying the location of a genetic locus by examining the recombination frequency between the locus and known genetic markers. By analyzing the linkage disequilibrium between genetic variants, researchers can narrow down the region containing the locus. This approach is often used in conjunction with physical mapping techniques like fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to precisely locate the genetic locus. The technique relies on the principle of linkage, which states that alleles for different genes tend to be inherited together.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** is not a specific technique used for identifying the exact location of a genetic locus. While it is a type of genetic variation, it does not provide the precise location of a genetic locus.
**Option B:** is a type of genetic variation, but it is not a technique used for identifying the exact location of a genetic locus.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Genetic mapping using linkage analysis and association studies is a powerful tool for identifying the genetic basis of complex diseases. By localizing the genetic locus responsible for a disease, researchers can develop targeted therapies and improve disease diagnosis.

**Correct Answer: C. Genetic mapping using linkage analysis and association studies**