**Core Concept**
The development of the permanent kidney in humans involves a complex process of embryological formation, where the metanephric kidney eventually replaces the temporary pronephros and mesonephros. The metanephric kidney is responsible for producing the adult kidney structure and function.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The metanephric kidney develops from the interaction between the metanephric mesenchyme and the ureteric bud, which arises from the Wolffian duct. This interaction leads to the formation of the nephrons, collecting ducts, and renal pelvis, ultimately giving rise to the adult kidney. The metanephric mesenchyme differentiates into the capillary loops of the glomeruli, while the ureteric bud differentiates into the renal pelvis, calyces, and collecting ducts.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** The pronephros is a temporary kidney structure that functions in the early stages of embryonic development but is eventually replaced by the mesonephros. It is not responsible for the formation of the permanent kidney.
**Option B:** The mesonephros is another temporary kidney structure that functions in the later stages of embryonic development but is eventually replaced by the metanephric kidney. It is not responsible for the formation of the permanent kidney.
**Option C:** The Wolffian duct is a precursor to the male reproductive system and is involved in the development of the epididymis, vas deferens, and seminal vesicles. It is not directly involved in the formation of the permanent kidney.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
The metanephric kidney develops from the interaction between the metanephric mesenchyme and the ureteric bud, which is a classic example of reciprocal induction in embryological development. This concept is essential to understand the formation of various organs and tissues during embryogenesis.

**Correct Answer: C. Wolffian duct is involved in the development of the ureteric bud which in turn gives rise to the metanephric kidney.