Elevated occlusal portion of a tooth which divides occlusal surface is known as:
**Core Concept**
The question is testing the student's knowledge of dental anatomy, specifically the terminology related to the occlusal surface of a tooth. The correct answer requires an understanding of the anatomical features of a tooth and the terminology used to describe them.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The occlusal surface of a tooth is the chewing surface that comes into contact with the opposing teeth during mastication. The occlusal portion of a tooth refers to the elevated part of the occlusal surface. A cingulum is not related to this question, as it refers to a concave area on the labial or lingual surface of a tooth, opposite the cusp. The correct answer is a cusp, which is a pointed elevation on the occlusal surface of a tooth that divides the surface into grooves and fissures. The cusp is the functional unit of the tooth, responsible for transmitting forces from the chewing muscles to the periodontal tissues.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option A:** This option is incorrect because a cingulum is a concave area on the labial or lingual surface, not an elevated portion of the occlusal surface.
* **Option B:** This option is incorrect because a fossa is a depression or pit on the occlusal surface, not an elevated portion.
* **Option C:** This option is incorrect because a groove is a narrow channel or fissure on the occlusal surface, not an elevated portion.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
The anatomy of a tooth is critical for understanding the pathogenesis of dental caries and periodontal diseases. The occlusal surface of a tooth is a high-risk area for caries, particularly in the grooves and fissures. Regular dental hygiene and fluoride therapy are essential for preventing caries in these areas.
**Correct Answer:** C. Cusp, the pointed elevation on the occlusal surface of a tooth that divides the surface into grooves and fissures.