The presence of 2 extra pairs of electrons on the oxygen in water molecule results in :
**Core Concept**
The water molecule (H2O) has a unique structure due to the presence of two hydrogen atoms bonded to a single oxygen atom. The oxygen atom has six electrons in its outermost energy level, but it shares four electrons with the two hydrogen atoms through covalent bonds, resulting in a partial positive charge on the hydrogen atoms and a partial negative charge on the oxygen atom.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The presence of two extra pairs of electrons on the oxygen atom is due to the lone pairs of electrons that are not involved in covalent bonding with the hydrogen atoms. These lone pairs are a result of the oxygen atom's tendency to form four covalent bonds, but only two are formed with the hydrogen atoms. The remaining two electrons occupy two lone pairs, which are localized on the oxygen atom.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is incorrect because it does not accurately describe the electronic configuration of the oxygen atom in a water molecule.
**Option B:** This option is incorrect because it is not relevant to the electronic configuration of the oxygen atom in a water molecule.
**Option C:** This option is incorrect because it is a misleading statement about the electronic configuration of the oxygen atom in a water molecule.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
The water molecule's unique electronic configuration is responsible for its high surface tension and polarity, which play important roles in biological processes such as cellular transport and enzyme activity.
**Correct Answer:** C. The presence of two extra pairs of electrons on the oxygen atom results in its partial negative charge.