Adult worm of Echinococcus granulosus is commonly seen in which of the given animals?
**Core Concept**
The Echinococcus granulosus parasite is a type of tapeworm that causes cystic echinococcosis (also known as hydatid disease) in humans. This parasitic infection is zoonotic, meaning it can be transmitted from animals to humans. Adult E. granulosus worms are typically found in the intestinal tract of definitive hosts, which are usually canines.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The adult E. granulosus worm is commonly found in dogs, particularly in canines that are raised for meat or are free-roaming. Dogs become infected by ingesting the eggs of E. granulosus, which are shed in the feces of infected intermediate hosts, such as sheep or other ungulates. The eggs hatch in the dog's intestine, and the larvae migrate to the liver, where they mature into adult worms. Dogs can then shed the eggs in their feces, contaminating the environment and perpetuating the life cycle of the parasite.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option B:** Cats are not typically definitive hosts for E. granulosus, although they can become infected accidentally if they ingest an infected dog's feces.
**Option C:** Sheep and other ungulates are intermediate hosts for E. granulosus, not definitive hosts. They become infected when they ingest the eggs of the parasite, but they do not harbor the adult worms.
**Option D:** Pigs are not typically associated with E. granulosus infection, and they are not considered definitive hosts for this parasite.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
It's essential to note that E. granulosus infection can be prevented by practicing good hygiene, particularly in rural or agricultural areas where dogs and livestock coexist. Regular deworming of dogs, proper disposal of animal feces, and education about the risks of hydatid disease can help prevent transmission of this parasite.
**✓ Correct Answer: A. Dog**