**Informed Consent**

**Core Concept**
Informed consent is a crucial aspect of pediatric care, where parents or guardians provide permission for medical treatment or procedures on behalf of their child. This concept is rooted in the principles of autonomy, beneficence, and non-maleficence in medical ethics.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer is based on the legal and ethical requirement for healthcare providers to obtain informed consent from parents or guardians before initiating treatment. In pediatric care, parents have the right to make decisions on behalf of their child, and healthcare providers must respect this autonomy. This ensures that parents are aware of the potential risks and benefits of treatment, allowing them to make informed decisions about their child's care.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is incorrect because it implies that parents do not need to be involved in decision-making, which is not in line with medical ethics and the law.
**Option B:** This option is incorrect because it suggests that informed consent is not necessary for minor children, which is not accurate.
**Option C:** This option is incorrect because it implies that healthcare providers can initiate treatment without parental consent, which is a violation of medical ethics and the law.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
In pediatric care, informed consent is not just a legal requirement but also an essential aspect of building trust between healthcare providers and families. It is essential to involve parents in decision-making and ensure that they are aware of their child's diagnosis, treatment options, and potential outcomes.

**Correct Answer: D. Informed consent must be obtained from the parents or guardians before initiating treatment.**