Duraphat is:
First, I remember that Duraphat is a brand name. The core concept here is likely about the generic name of the drug. So, the core concept would be identifying the generic name for Duraphat. The correct answer is probably a fluoride compound since Duraphat is a fluoride-containing product used in dentistry.
Duraphat is a fluoride varnish used for caries prevention. The active ingredient is probably sodium fluoride. Let me confirm: yes, Duraphat contains sodium fluoride. So the correct answer would be an option stating sodium fluoride. The other options might be other fluoride compounds like stannous fluoride, hydrofluoric acid, or maybe something else like calcium fluoride.
Now, the core concept is the generic name of Duraphat. The correct answer is sodium fluoride. The wrong options would be other types of fluoride. For example, option A might be hydrofluoric acid, which is a different compound. Option B could be stannous fluoride, which is another form used in some products. Option C might be calcium fluoride, which is less common. Option D could be something like sodium stannous fluoride, which is incorrect.
The clinical pearl is that Duraphat is sodium fluoride varnish used for preventing dental caries. High-yield fact: remember that fluoride varnishes like Duraphat are typically sodium fluoride at a concentration of 5% (23% fluoride ion). Also, hydrofluoric acid is used for etching teeth but is dangerous. Stannous fluoride is in some mouthwashes and gels. So, the correct answer is sodium fluoride.
**Core Concept**
Duraphat is a fluoride varnish used in dentistry for caries prevention. The question tests recognition of its active pharmaceutical ingredient, which is a key clinical detail for dental professionals.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Duraphat contains **sodium fluoride** (5% w/v) as its active ingredient. Sodium fluoride is applied as a varnish to strengthen enamel, inhibit demineralization, and promote remineralization. It works by increasing the solubility of hydroxyapatite in enamel and enhancing the formation of fluoroapatite, a more acid-resistant mineral.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Hydrofluoric acid is incorrect. It is used for etching tooth surfaces but is highly toxic and not a component of Duraphat.
**Option B:** Stannous fluoride is incorrect. While it is another form of fluoride used in some products (e.g., mouthwashes), it is not the active ingredient in Duraphat.
**Option C:** Calcium fluoride is incorrect. It is a mineral form of fluoride but not used in Duraphat.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Fluoride varnishes like Duraphat are typically 5% sodium fluoride (23% fluoride ion). Avoid using hydrofluoric acid in non-professional settings due to its extreme toxicity.
**Correct Answer: D. Sodium fluoride**