Drugs causing aplastic anaemia include:
**Core Concept**
Aplastic anemia is a rare, life-threatening failure of the bone marrow to produce blood cells, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. This condition can be caused by various factors, including exposure to certain drugs, chemicals, and infections. The underlying pathophysiology involves the destruction or failure of hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Drugs that cause aplastic anemia typically induce this condition by triggering an immune-mediated destruction of hematopoietic stem cells. Some drugs act by forming reactive metabolites that damage the bone marrow, while others may directly induce apoptosis in hematopoietic progenitor cells. For example, certain antineoplastic agents, such as chloramphenicol, cyclophosphamide, and busulfan, have been associated with an increased risk of aplastic anemia.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option A:** This option is incorrect because it does not specify a known causative agent of aplastic anemia. While some antibiotics may have hematologic side effects, they are not typically associated with aplastic anemia.
* **Option B:** This option is incorrect because it is unclear and does not specify a known causative agent of aplastic anemia. Some medications may have immunosuppressive effects, but this option does not provide a specific example.
* **Option C:** This option is incorrect because it does not specify a known causative agent of aplastic anemia. While some medications may have hematologic side effects, they are not typically associated with aplastic anemia.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Some medications, such as chloramphenicol, have a well-documented association with aplastic anemia, and their use should be carefully monitored in patients with a history of hematologic disorders.
**Correct Answer: C. Busulfan**