A patient taking 120 mL alcohol everyday since last 12 years is brought to the hospital by his wife and is diagnosed to have alcohol dependence syndrome. Which of the following drug should be avoided in the management?
**Core Concept**
Alcohol dependence syndrome is a chronic disorder characterized by compulsive and excessive alcohol use, despite negative consequences. The management of alcohol dependence involves pharmacological interventions to reduce cravings and prevent relapse. Certain medications can exacerbate the condition or interact with alcohol, making their use contraindicated in this context.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer is a benzodiazepine. Benzodiazepines, such as diazepam and lorazepam, are central nervous system depressants that can worsen the sedative effects of alcohol. Long-term use of benzodiazepines can lead to physical dependence and addiction, which can complicate the treatment of alcohol dependence syndrome. Additionally, benzodiazepines can interact with alcohol to increase the risk of respiratory depression, coma, and even death.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option B:** Disulfiram is actually used in the management of alcohol dependence syndrome. It works by inhibiting the enzyme acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, which leads to an accumulation of acetaldehyde and unpleasant symptoms when alcohol is consumed.
* **Option C:** Naltrexone is another medication used to treat alcohol dependence syndrome. It works by blocking the opioid receptors in the brain, which reduces the rewarding effects of alcohol.
* **Option D:** Acamprosate is a medication that helps to reduce cravings for alcohol and prevent relapse. It is believed to work by stabilizing the chemical signaling in the brain that is disrupted by chronic alcohol use.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Benzodiazepines should be used with caution in patients with a history of substance abuse, as they can increase the risk of relapse and addiction.
**Correct Answer:** C.