Distended abdomen in intestinal obstruction is mainly due to –
**Core Concept**
The question tests the understanding of the pathophysiology behind intestinal obstruction, specifically the mechanism leading to abdominal distension. Intestinal obstruction occurs when there is a blockage in the small or large intestine, preventing the normal flow of intestinal contents, leading to accumulation of gas, fluid, and feces.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer is due to the accumulation of gas, fluid, and feces distal to the obstruction site. As the intestinal contents are unable to pass through the obstruction, they accumulate and increase the intraluminal pressure, causing the intestine to distend. This is mainly due to the accumulation of gas, which is produced by the bacterial fermentation of undigested carbohydrates in the gut. The increased intraluminal pressure also leads to the compression of the intestinal wall, which can eventually lead to ischemia and necrosis of the intestinal tissue.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** While vomiting may be a symptom of intestinal obstruction, it is not the primary cause of abdominal distension.
**Option B:** Hypovolemia may occur due to the loss of fluid and electrolytes through vomiting or diarrhea, but it is not the main reason for abdominal distension.
**Option C:** While pain and tenderness are common symptoms of intestinal obstruction, they do not directly contribute to abdominal distension.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
In cases of intestinal obstruction, it is essential to remember that the degree of abdominal distension does not always correlate with the severity of the obstruction. A distended abdomen can be a sign of a complete obstruction, but it can also be seen in cases of partial obstruction or even in patients with a history of previous abdominal surgery.
**Correct Answer:** Not provided