Which of the following test is positive in Anterior dislocation of shoulder?
**Core Concept**
The clinical evaluation of shoulder dislocations involves assessing the integrity of various ligaments and joint structures. Anterior dislocation of the shoulder occurs when the head of the humerus is displaced anteriorly relative to the glenoid fossa, often due to a traumatic event.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
In anterior dislocation of the shoulder, the axillary nerve is stretched or compressed against the humerus, leading to a positive **Neer's sign**. This is because the axillary nerve, which originates from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus, is closely related to the shoulder joint and is at risk of injury in anterior dislocations. When the axillary nerve is compressed, it can cause weakness or paralysis of the deltoid muscle, leading to a characteristic drooping of the arm (drooping of the affected arm when the patient is asked to abduct the arm to 90 degrees).
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option A:** The **Apprehension test** is typically positive in cases of anterior shoulder instability, but it is not specific to anterior dislocation. It involves the patient feeling apprehension or fear of dislocation when the examiner applies a specific force to the shoulder.
* **Option B:** The **Hawkins-Kennedy test** is positive in cases of anterior shoulder instability, but it is not a specific indicator of anterior dislocation. It involves the patient feeling pain or apprehension when the examiner applies a specific force to the shoulder.
* **Option C:** The **Neer's sign** is not a specific test for anterior dislocation, but rather a clinical finding that indicates axillary nerve compression.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
It's essential to remember that a positive **Neer's sign** can indicate axillary nerve compression, which is a common complication of anterior shoulder dislocation. This can lead to weakness or paralysis of the deltoid muscle, making it challenging to manage the patient.
**Correct Answer: C. Neer's sign is positive in anterior dislocation of the shoulder.**