Disinfection of sputum is done by –
**Core Concept**
Sputum disinfection is a critical process in microbiology laboratories to eliminate or inactivate pathogens, thereby reducing the risk of laboratory-acquired infections. The primary aim is to destroy or deactivate bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other microorganisms that may be present in sputum samples.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct method for sputum disinfection involves the use of 10% formaldehyde solution or 2% glutaraldehyde solution, which are potent disinfectants that can inactivate a wide range of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. These chemicals work by denaturing proteins, disrupting cell membranes, and interfering with the metabolic processes of microorganisms, ultimately leading to their death or inactivation.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option A:** Ethanol (70% or 95%) is a disinfectant but is not suitable for sputum disinfection due to its limited effectiveness against non-enveloped viruses and certain bacteria.
* **Option B:** Phenol-based disinfectants are effective against a broad spectrum of microorganisms but may not be as potent as formaldehyde or glutaraldehyde against certain bacteria and viruses.
* **Option C:** Betadine solution is an antiseptic and disinfectant, but it is not the preferred choice for sputum disinfection due to its potential toxicity and limited efficacy against certain microorganisms.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
When handling sputum samples, it is essential to follow proper laboratory safety protocols, including wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) and using a biological safety cabinet (BSC) to minimize the risk of laboratory-acquired infections.
**Correct Answer: D. 2% glutaraldehyde solution**