During epidemics of cholera, Wells needs to be disinfected every: March 2013 (b, d, e)
**Core Concept:** Cholera is an acute diarrheal disease caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. Epidemics require proper sanitation and hygiene measures to prevent the spread of infection. Wells are artificial water sources, usually made of wood or plastic, used in rural areas for collecting and storing drinking water. Disinfection involves the use of chemicals or physical methods to eliminate pathogens.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right:** Wells should be disinfected regularly to prevent the growth and spread of Vibrio cholerae, which causes cholera. In March 2013, cholera outbreaks occurred in several countries, including Haiti, Yemen, and Syria. Disinfecting Wells every month (option C) can help reduce the risk of cholera transmission by eliminating the bacteria from the water supply.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect:**
A. Disinfecting wells every day (March 2013) is not practical, as it would require excessive use of chemicals and manual labor.
B. Disinfecting wells once every five years (March 2013) is not sufficient as Vibrio cholerae can survive in water for several weeks, depending on temperature and water quality.
D. Disinfecting wells only in March 2013 is not a sustainable solution as it only addresses the issue during that specific month and does not prevent future outbreaks.
**Clinical Pearl:** In addition to regular well disinfection, implementing proper sanitation and hygiene practices, such as treating drinking water and promoting safe water storage, can help prevent cholera outbreaks. This includes using chlorine tablets, boiling water, or using water filtration systems. Promoting handwashing and educating the community on cholera prevention can also contribute to reducing cholera cases.