**Core Concept:** Breast cancer screening and management in high-risk individuals.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right:**

In this scenario, the patient presents with blood-stained discharge from the nipple, which is a concerning symptom for breast pathology, potentially indicating a breast cancer complication. As a next best step, the patient should undergo further evaluation to confirm or rule out breast cancer. The correct answer is "C. Mammography," as mammography is a well-established modality for breast cancer screening and detection. Mammography is particularly important for high-risk individuals, like the patient with a family history of breast cancer.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect:**

A. "Clinical examination" is important but not specific enough to confirm the suspected breast pathology. A clinical examination alone may not provide sufficient information to make a definitive diagnosis.

B. "Blood tests" would be useful for general health assessment, but not for breast cancer detection or diagnosis.

D. "Genetic counseling" would be relevant for genetic assessment, but does not address the patient's immediate concern regarding breast pathology.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right:**

Mammography is the correct choice because it is a sensitive and specific radiological test for breast cancer detection. It visualizes breast tissue and provides valuable information regarding lesions, masses, or calcifications that might indicate breast cancer. In the case of a high-risk patient like the one with a family history of breast cancer, mammography becomes even more crucial to ensure early detection and appropriate management.

**Clinical Pearl:**

In high-risk individuals, such as those with a family history of breast cancer, it is essential to perform a comprehensive assessment, which includes mammography, clinical examination, and genetic counseling. Early detection is crucial for successful treatment and patient outcomes.