Dilantin hyperplasia is treated with
**Core Concept**
Dilantin hyperplasia, also known as gingival overgrowth, is a side effect of long-term phenytoin (Dilantin) use. This condition is characterized by an abnormal proliferation of gingival tissue, often leading to unsightly gum overgrowth. The exact mechanism of this phenomenon is not fully understood, but it is believed to be related to the drug's effects on calcium metabolism and the subsequent activation of fibroblasts.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The treatment of Dilantin hyperplasia typically involves the discontinuation of the offending medication or the substitution of an alternative antiepileptic agent. In cases where discontinuation is not feasible, surgical excision of the overgrown tissue may be necessary to alleviate symptoms and improve oral hygiene. The correct answer is **C. Discontinuation of phenytoin**.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Vitamin K supplementation is not a recognized treatment for Dilantin hyperplasia, although it may be used to manage bleeding complications related to anticoagulant therapy.
**Option B:** Phenytoin-induced gingival overgrowth is not typically treated with corticosteroids, which may even exacerbate the condition due to their immunosuppressive effects.
**Option D:** While surgical excision of the overgrown tissue may be necessary in some cases, it is not the primary treatment for Dilantin hyperplasia.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
It is essential for healthcare providers to monitor patients taking phenytoin for signs of gingival overgrowth and to educate them on the importance of maintaining good oral hygiene practices to prevent this complication.
**Correct Answer: C. Discontinuation of phenytoin**