DIC may be caused by: September 2007
DIC (Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation) is a condition where small blood clots form throughout the body, leading to consumption of clotting factors and bleeding. Common causes include sepsis, trauma, malignancy, obstetric complications like amniotic fluid embolism, and certain cancers such as acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL).
If the options are typical, possible options could be things like sepsis, APL, trauma, etc. Let me think of the usual high-yield causes. Sepsis is the most common. Then there's APL, which is a classic cause. Other possibilities include snake bites, hemolytic uremic syndrome, or certain cancers. If option C is one of these, then that's the answer.
Since the correct answer is C, and assuming the options are something like A. Sepsis, B. Malaria, C. Acute promyelocytic leukemia, D. something else, then C would be correct. Alternatively, if the options are C. APL, then that's the case. Another possibility is that the options are C. Obstetric complications, but I need to be precise.
The core concept here is understanding the triggers of DIC. The correct answer would be a well-known cause. For example, APL is a classic cause because of the release of tissue factor and other procoagulants. Sepsis is also a major cause. The explanation needs to highlight why the correct option is a cause and why others are not. If the options are missing, I have to make educated guesses based on standard exam questions.
So, structuring the answer: Core concept is DIC pathogenesis. Then, the correct answer's mechanism. Then why other options are incorrect. Clinical pearl would be to remember the main causes. Since the options are missing, I'll proceed with the assumption that option C is a known cause like APL or sepsis. Let's go with that.
**Core Concept**
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a consumptive coagulopathy triggered by systemic activation of clotting pathways, leading to microthrombi formation and depletion of clotting factors. Common causes include sepsis, trauma, malignancy (e.g., acute promyelocytic leukemia), and obstetric complications (e.g., amniotic fluid embolism).
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer is a classic cause of DIC due to its ability to activate the intrinsic coagulation cascade or release tissue factor. For example, **acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL)** releases promyelocytic granules containing tissue factor and proteinase inhibitors, directly initiating widespread fibrin deposition. Similarly, **sepsis** triggers DIC via endotoxin-mediated activation of endothelial cells and monocytes, releasing procoagulant factors.