Starvation and Diabetes Mellitus can lead on to ketosis. Which of the following features is in our of ketosis due to diabetes mellitus?
## Core Concept
Ketosis is a metabolic state characterized by elevated levels of ketone bodies in the body tissues, which can occur in starvation and diabetes mellitus. In both conditions, the body shifts from using glucose as a primary energy source to using fatty acids and ketone bodies. Diabetic ketosis occurs due to a lack of insulin, leading to increased glucagon levels and subsequent ketogenesis.
## Why the Correct Answer is Right
The correct answer, **D. Acidosis**, is a feature of ketosis due to diabetes mellitus. In diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), the lack of insulin and the presence of high glucagon levels lead to increased lipolysis, producing acetyl-CoA that is then converted into ketone bodies (acetoacetate, β-hydroxybutyrate, and acetone) by the liver. The accumulation of these acidic ketone bodies results in metabolic acidosis, a hallmark of DKA.
## Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect
- **Option A:** This option is blank and cannot be evaluated.
- **Option B:** This option is blank and cannot be evaluated.
- **Option C:** This option is blank and cannot be evaluated.
## Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact
A key clinical pearl is that while both starvation and diabetic ketoacidosis can lead to ketosis, the presence of hyperglycemia and metabolic acidosis is more indicative of diabetic ketoacidosis. Patients with DKA typically present with hyperglycemia (blood glucose >250 mg/dL), metabolic acidosis (low pH and bicarbonate), and increased ketone bodies.
## Correct Answer Line
**Correct Answer: D. Acidosis**