A patient on ATT develops tinnitus and hearing loss due to:
**Core Concept**
Ototoxicity, particularly involving the aminoglycosides, is a well-documented side effect of antituberculosis therapy (ATT). This condition occurs when certain antibiotics damage the hair cells in the inner ear, leading to hearing loss and tinnitus.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Aminoglycosides, such as streptomycin and kanamycin, can cause ototoxicity through the inhibition of mitochondrial protein synthesis, leading to hair cell damage. This damage results in a loss of hearing and the perception of ringing or other sounds (tinnitus). The vestibulocochlear nerve (cranial nerve VIII), responsible for transmitting sound and balance signals, is also affected.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is not relevant to the context of ATT and ototoxicity.
**Option B:** While certain antibiotics, like fluoroquinolones, can cause ototoxicity, the question specifically pertains to ATT, making this option incorrect.
**Option C:** This option is not directly related to the ototoxic effects of ATT.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Aminoglycosides are most likely to cause ototoxicity when used in high doses, with prolonged treatment, or in combination with other ototoxic agents.
**Correct Answer: B. Fluoroquinolones are ototoxic.