A 3-year-old girl has normal developmental milestones except the delay in speech. She has difficulty in concentration, communication and relating to others and does not make friends but plays with herself. Likely diagnosis is
**Core Concept**
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired social interaction, communication, and repetitive behavior patterns. It is often diagnosed in early childhood, and symptoms may include delays in speech, difficulty with concentration, and social isolation.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The girl's difficulty in concentration, communication, and relating to others, along with her preference for playing alone, are classic symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorder. Individuals with ASD often have trouble understanding social cues, initiating or maintaining conversations, and forming relationships. They may also exhibit repetitive behaviors, such as hand flapping or body rocking, which are not mentioned in this scenario but are common in ASD. The delayed speech development is also a significant indicator of ASD, as most children start speaking by the age of 3.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) primarily affects attention and impulse control, rather than social interaction and communication. While some children with ADHD may exhibit social difficulties, the core symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity are not present in this scenario.
**Option C:** Specific Learning Disorder refers to difficulties with academic skills, such as reading, writing, or math, which are not mentioned in this scenario. The girl's difficulties are more related to social interaction and communication, rather than academic performance.
**Option D:** Mental Retardation, now referred to as Intellectual Disability, is characterized by significant impairments in cognitive functioning, adaptive behavior, and intellectual abilities. While the girl may have some developmental delays, the scenario does not indicate a significant impairment in cognitive functioning.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
It's essential to remember that Autism Spectrum Disorder is a spectrum, and symptoms can vary widely from individual to individual. A comprehensive diagnostic evaluation, including a thorough medical, psychological, and developmental history, is necessary to confirm the diagnosis.
**✓ Correct Answer: B. Autism**