A female developed brown macule on the cheek, forehead and nose after exposure to light following delivery of a baby, the diagnosis is
**Core Concept**
Chloasma, also known as melasma, is a common skin condition characterized by the appearance of brown or gray patches on sun-exposed areas of the skin, typically on the face. This condition is often associated with hormonal changes and is exacerbated by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Chloasma is caused by the accumulation of melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color, in the epidermis. This accumulation is triggered by hormonal fluctuations, particularly an increase in estrogen levels, which can occur during pregnancy. When the skin is exposed to UV radiation, it stimulates the production of melanin, leading to the formation of brown macules. The condition is more common in women, especially those with darker skin types, and is often seen on the cheeks, forehead, and nose.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that can cause a variety of skin manifestations, including a characteristic butterfly-shaped rash on the face. However, SLE is not typically associated with brown macules on sun-exposed areas.
**Option C:** Photodermatitis, also known as polymorphic light eruption, is a skin reaction that occurs in response to UV radiation. While it can cause a range of skin symptoms, including rashes and blisters, it is not typically characterized by brown macules.
**Option D:** Acne rosacea is a chronic skin condition characterized by inflammation, redness, and acne-like symptoms on the face. While it can cause discoloration, it is not typically associated with brown macules on sun-exposed areas.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Chloasma is often referred to as the "mask of pregnancy" due to its common occurrence during pregnancy. It is essential to educate patients about the importance of sun protection measures, such as using sunscreen and wearing protective clothing, to prevent the condition from worsening.
**✓ Correct Answer: B. Chloasma**