**Core Concept**
Punishment for sex determination refers to the legal consequences for violating the Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques (PCPNDT) Act, 1994, which prohibits sex-selective abortion and sex determination.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The PCPNDT Act, 1994, is a legislation aimed at preventing sex-selective abortion and promoting the safety of women. The punishment for violating this act includes imprisonment for up to three years and/or a fine of up to one lakh rupees. This law applies to all medical practitioners, including doctors, nurses, and ultrasound technicians, who are involved in sex determination or sex-selective abortion. The act is enforced by the government through regular inspections and raids on ultrasound centers and hospitals.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is incorrect because the punishment for violating the PCPNDT Act, 1994, is not limited to a fine of up to one lakh rupees.
**Option B:** This option is incorrect because the imprisonment for violating the PCPNDT Act, 1994, is up to three years, not five years.
**Option D:** This option is incorrect because the fine for violating the PCPNDT Act, 1994, is up to one lakh rupees, not five lakh rupees.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
The PCPNDT Act, 1994, has been successful in reducing the sex ratio at birth in many states in India, but more needs to be done to prevent sex-selective abortion and promote the safety of women.

**Correct Answer: B. Imprisonment for up to three years and/or a fine of up to one lakh rupees.**