Besides 3 D’s (Diarrhoea, Dermatitis & Dementi(a) of Niacin deficiency, 4th D indicates
**Core Concept**
Niacin deficiency leads to a condition characterized by a set of symptoms, with the first three being Diarrhea, Dermatitis, and Dementia. The condition is known as Pellagra, and it is caused by a lack of niacin (vitamin B3) or tryptophan, an amino acid that the body uses to synthesize niacin.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The 4th D in this context refers to Dysphagia, which is a symptom of Pellagra. Dysphagia is difficulty swallowing, a condition that can lead to malnutrition and further exacerbate the symptoms of Pellagra. This is because patients with Pellagra often have difficulty consuming enough food, leading to a worsening of their condition.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option A:** This option is incorrect because it does not relate to the symptoms of Pellagra.
* **Option B:** This option is incorrect because it does not accurately describe a symptom of Pellagra.
* **Option C:** This option is incorrect because it does not describe a symptom of Pellagra.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
The 4th D in Pellagra is often remembered using the mnemonic "Dysphagia" to complete the set of symptoms. This mnemonic can help students recall the symptoms of Pellagra in a more memorable way.
**Correct Answer: D. Dysphagia**