A community survey shows crude bih rate 23, and crude death rate 6. The demographic stage of population is –
First, I remember that demographic transition theory has different stages. The crude birth rate (CBR) and crude death rate (CDR) help determine the stage. The question gives CBR 23 and CDR 6.
In the first stage, both CBR and CDR are high, leading to a low growth rate. The second stage has declining CDR but high CBR, resulting in rapid growth. Third stage is when CBR starts to decline as well, leading to slower growth. The fourth stage has both rates low, so growth is stable or negative.
Given CBR 23 and CDR 6, the CDR is much lower than CBR. That suggests the population is in the third stage where birth rates are starting to decline but death rates are already low. Wait, but the third stage typically has lower birth rates than the second stage. Wait, maybe I need to check the numbers again.
In stage two, CBR is high (like 30-40) and CDR is dropping (maybe 10-20). So if CBR is 23 and CDR 6, that's a lower CBR than stage two, so maybe stage three. Stage three is characterized by lower CBR and low CDR. So the population is in stage three. Therefore, the correct answer would be option C if the options are labeled correctly. But since the options aren't provided, I have to assume the typical options. Let me verify this with standard demographic data. Yes, stage three has lower birth rates and low death rates. So the correct answer is the third stage. The options might be labeled as A: Stage 1, B: Stage 2, C: Stage 3, D: Stage 4. Hence, the correct answer is C.
**Core Concept**
Demographic transition theory categorizes population growth stages based on crude birth rate (CBR) and crude death rate (CDR). Stage 3 is marked by declining CBR and low CDR, reflecting improved healthcare and social changes.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
With a CBR of 23 and CDR of 6, this population shows a low death rate (due to reduced mortality from disease/infant mortality) and a falling birth rate (due to contraception, urbanization, and economic shifts). This aligns with **Stage 3**, where the population growth rate slows as birth rates decline to match low death rates.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Stage 1 (high CBR and CDR) is incorrect because rates here are not both high.
**Option B:** Stage 2 (high CBR, falling CDR) is incorrect as CBR is already low for this stage.
**Option D:** Stage 4 (low CBR and CDR) is incorrect because the CBR is still moderately high for this stable, low-growth stage.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Stage 3 is often called the "transitional phase," where public health interventions like vaccines reduce CDR, while socioeconomic factors drive CBR decline