Which of the following is the FAD-linked dehydrogenase of TCA cycle?
**Core Concept**
The tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, also known as the citric acid cycle or Krebs cycle, is a key metabolic pathway that generates energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. The TCA cycle involves a series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions that ultimately produce NADH and FADH2, which are then used in the electron transport chain to produce ATP.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Succinate dehydrogenase (also known as Complex II or Succinate:Quinone Oxidoreductase) is a unique enzyme in the TCA cycle because it is the only enzyme that is directly linked to the electron transport chain. It catalyzes the oxidation of succinate to fumarate, generating FADH2 in the process. This FADH2 is then passed to Complex III in the electron transport chain, where it contributes to the generation of ATP. Succinate dehydrogenase is indeed a FAD-linked dehydrogenase, as it uses FAD as a cofactor to facilitate the transfer of electrons.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Isocitrate dehydrogenase is a NAD+ or NADP+-linked dehydrogenase, not a FAD-linked enzyme. It catalyzes the oxidation of isocitrate to Ξ±-ketoglutarate, generating NADH in the process.
**Option B:** Malate dehydrogenase is a NAD+-linked dehydrogenase, not a FAD-linked enzyme. It catalyzes the oxidation of malate to oxaloacetate, generating NADH in the process.
**Option D:** Ξ±-Ketoglutarate dehydrogenase is a NAD+-linked dehydrogenase, not a FAD-linked enzyme. It catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of Ξ±-ketoglutarate to succinyl-CoA, generating NADH in the process.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
The TCA cycle is a critical metabolic pathway that is involved in the generation of energy in the form of ATP. Understanding the enzymes and cofactors involved in the TCA cycle is essential for appreciating the complex interplay between energy metabolism and the electron transport chain.
**β Correct Answer: C. Succinate dehydrogenase**