Which of the following is true about degenerative myopia? (AIIMS November 2013, May 2013)
**Core Concept**
Degenerative myopia, also known as pathological myopia, is a severe and progressive form of nearsightedness characterized by significant elongation of the eyeball, leading to severe visual impairment. This condition involves a complex interplay of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Degenerative myopia is associated with a high degree of axial elongation, which can lead to retinal detachment, macular degeneration, and other complications. The condition often results from a combination of genetic predisposition and prolonged near work, particularly in children and adolescents. The pathophysiology involves the overgrowth of the sclera, which fails to regulate the axial elongation of the eyeball, ultimately leading to retinal and choroidal thinning.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Degenerative myopia is not primarily caused by a lack of vitamin A deficiency. While vitamin A is essential for the health of the retina, degenerative myopia is a complex condition involving multiple factors.
**Option B:** Degenerative myopia is not simply a condition of nearsightedness that can be corrected with glasses or contact lenses. The condition involves a significant degree of axial elongation and can lead to severe visual impairment.
**Option C:** Degenerative myopia is not a condition of aging. While age-related macular degeneration is a common condition affecting older adults, degenerative myopia typically affects younger individuals and is not directly related to aging.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Degenerative myopia is a significant cause of visual impairment in young individuals, and early detection and management are crucial to prevent further progression and complications.
**Correct Answer: C. Degenerative myopia is not a condition of aging.**