In primary immune deficiency, the fraction of plasma protein reduced is
**Core Concept**
Primary immune deficiency diseases result from genetic defects in immune system components, leading to impaired immune function. These defects can affect various immune cells, including B cells, T cells, and phagocytes, resulting in increased susceptibility to infections.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer is IgG, which is the most abundant antibody in human plasma, accounting for about 75-80% of the total immunoglobulins. IgG provides long-term immunity against infections and is crucial for the defense against bacterial, viral, and parasitic pathogens. In primary immune deficiency, particularly in immunodeficiency disorders such as X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA), IgG levels are significantly reduced due to the absence or dysfunction of B cells, which are responsible for antibody production.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option A:** IgM is the first antibody produced in response to an infection and is primarily involved in the early stages of immune response. While IgM levels may be affected in certain immunodeficiency disorders, it is not the primary antibody fraction reduced in primary immune deficiency.
* **Option B:** IgA is the main antibody responsible for mucosal immunity and is found in high concentrations in secretions such as saliva, tears, and mucus. While IgA levels may be decreased in certain immunodeficiency disorders, it is not the primary antibody fraction reduced in primary immune deficiency.
* **Option C:** IgE is primarily involved in allergic reactions and parasitic infections. IgE levels are not typically reduced in primary immune deficiency and are more relevant to atopic disorders.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Recall that primary immune deficiency disorders often present with recurrent infections, particularly those caused by encapsulated bacteria such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae. These infections can be prevented with regular administration of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), which provides replacement therapy for the deficient antibodies.
**Correct Answer: C. IgG**