Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is common. Which one of the following statements best characterizes CMV?
**Core Concept**
CMV infection is a common viral illness caused by the cytomegalovirus, a member of the herpesvirus family. This virus can affect almost any organ system, but it is most commonly associated with the central nervous system, liver, and gastrointestinal tract.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
CMV infection is characterized by its ability to remain latent in the body for life, with periodic reactivation due to factors such as immunosuppression or stress. This reactivation can lead to severe disease in immunocompromised individuals, such as transplant recipients or those with HIV/AIDS. The virus is primarily spread through bodily fluids, including saliva, urine, and breast milk.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** CMV is not a highly contagious virus, as it does not easily spread from person to person.
**Option B:** CMV is not typically associated with a high mortality rate, although it can be severe in immunocompromised individuals.
**Option C:** CMV is not a self-limiting illness, as it can remain latent in the body for life.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
It's essential to note that CMV infection can be prevented through the use of antiviral medications, such as valganciclovir, in high-risk individuals, particularly those undergoing organ transplantation.
**Correct Answer: C. CMV is a latent virus that can reactivate due to immunosuppression or stress.**