**Core Concept**
Cushing's disease is a condition caused by excess cortisol production, typically due to a pituitary adenoma that stimulates the adrenal glands to produce cortisol.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Cushing's disease is characterized by an excess of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) produced by a pituitary adenoma. ACTH stimulates the adrenal glands to produce cortisol, leading to a variety of symptoms including weight gain, hypertension, and glucose intolerance. The pituitary adenoma secretes ACTH in response to corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) from the hypothalamus.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is incorrect because Cushing's disease is not typically associated with thyroid hormone excess.
**Option B:** This option is incorrect because Cushing's disease is not typically associated with an excess of growth hormone.
**Option C:** This option is incorrect because Cushing's disease is not typically associated with a deficiency of aldosterone.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
The "shortest" height in an adult is often seen in patients with Cushing's disease, due to the inhibitory effect of excess cortisol on growth hormone secretion and bone growth.

**Correct Answer:** D.