The development of resistance to conventional treatment has led WHO to recommned the use of combination therapies containing aemisinin derivative (aemisinin-based combination therapies also known as ACTs). All of the following combination therapies are recommended if such resistance is suspected, except –

**Core Concept**
The development of resistance to conventional antimalarial treatment has necessitated the use of combination therapies containing an artemisinin derivative, also known as Artemisinin-Based Combination Therapies (ACTs). These combination therapies aim to prevent or delay the emergence of resistance by combining an artemisinin derivative with another antimalarial drug.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) are recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria. The combination of an artemisinin derivative with another antimalarial drug, such as mefloquine, lumefantrine, artesunate, amodiaquine, or sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, helps to prevent the development of resistance and improves treatment outcomes. The mechanism of action of artemisinin involves the generation of free radicals that damage the parasite's hemoglobin, ultimately leading to its death.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Artemisinin + Chloroquine is incorrect because chloroquine resistance is widespread in many parts of the world, making it an ineffective partner for an artemisinin derivative.

**Option B:** Artemisinin + Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine is incorrect because while sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine is a recommended partner for an artemisinin derivative, the combination of artemisinin + sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine is not recommended due to concerns about resistance.

**Option C:** Artemisinin + Mefloquine is correct, but this option is not included in the list of incorrect options.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
It is essential to note that ACTs should only be used under the guidance of a healthcare professional, as the development of resistance to these combination therapies is a concern.

**Correct Answer:** A. Artemisinin + Chloroquine

✓ Correct Answer: B. Aesunate plus quinine