Acquired symmetric hyper pigmentation of the sun exposed skin of the face and neck, which is strongly associated with pregnancy & use of oral contraceptives is called-
**Core Concept**
Acquired symmetric hyperpigmentation of sun-exposed skin, associated with pregnancy and oral contraceptives, is a manifestation of hormonal influence on melanogenesis. This condition is characterized by an increase in melanin production, leading to skin darkening.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer is related to Melasma, a condition that affects women, particularly those with darker skin types. It is caused by hormonal fluctuations during pregnancy, menopause, or the use of oral contraceptives, which stimulate melanogenesis. The increased melanin production leads to hyperpigmentation, primarily on sun-exposed areas such as the face and neck. The exact pathophysiology involves the activation of melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) and the subsequent increase in melanin synthesis.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This is incorrect because Chloasma is an older term for Melasma, but it is not as commonly used in modern dermatology.
**Option B:** This is incorrect because Nevus of Ota is a congenital condition characterized by hyperpigmentation around the eye, not acquired symmetric hyperpigmentation.
**Option C:** This is incorrect because Solar Lentigines are age-related sun spots, not strongly associated with pregnancy or oral contraceptives.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Melasma can be challenging to treat, but it often improves with hormonal regulation, sun protection, and topical treatments such as hydroquinone.
**Correct Answer:** C. Melasma