**Question:** Continuous murmur is seen in all the following except-

A. Mitral stenosis
B. Pulmonary stenosis
C. Atrial septal defect (ASD)
D. VSD (Ventricular Septal Defect)

**Core Concept:**
Continuous murmur indicates a condition where the valvular closure occurs late and the opening occurs early, leading to a continuous flow of blood. In this context, murmurs are classified into three types: systolic, diastolic, and continuous.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right:**
Mitral stenosis (A) and pulmonary stenosis (B) are valvular murmurs, where the valve closure is abnormal, leading to systolic murmurs. In mitral stenosis, the mitral valve does not close completely, resulting in a systolic murmur. Similarly, pulmonary stenosis occurs due to narrowing of the pulmonary valve and results in a systolic murmur.

Atrial septal defect (ASD) (C) is a congenital heart defect where there is a hole in the wall (septum) separating the right and left atria. ASD does not cause abnormal valve closure, so it results in diastolic murmur and is not continuous.

Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) (D) is another congenital heart defect, where there is a hole in the wall (septum) separating the left and right ventricles. Similar to ASD, VSD does not cause abnormal valve closure and results in diastolic murmur, not a continuous murmur.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect:**
ASD and VSD are defects, not valvular disorders, and thus they result in diastolic murmurs rather than continuous murmurs.

**Clinical Pearl:**
The knowledge of murmur types is crucial for diagnosing cardiac diseases accurately. A continuous murmur is indicative of a valvular disorder, which requires further evaluation for diagnosis and management.

**Correct Answer:**
The correct answer is none of the above (option E). A continuous murmur is indicative of a valvular disorder, and the murmurs mentioned in the options (A, B, C, and D) are either diastolic or result from congenital heart defects, not valvular disorders.