The WBC that is considered “second line of defence” is:
**Core Concept**
Monocytes are a type of white blood cell that play a key role in the innate immune response by differentiating into macrophages and dendritic cells, which phagocytose pathogens and present antigens. While neutrophils act as the first line of defense, monocytes serve as the "second line" due to their delayed but sustained immune response and tissue surveillance function.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Monocytes are recruited to sites of infection or injury after neutrophils have cleared acute threats. They mature into macrophages that engulf pathogens, clear dead cells, and initiate adaptive immunity by antigen presentation. Unlike neutrophils (first line), monocytes have a longer lifespan and perform critical roles in tissue repair and immune memory. Their ability to migrate into tissues and differentiate into specialized cells makes them essential for long-term defense.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
Option A: Neutrophils are the **first line** of defense, not second. They rapidly respond to infections and phagocytose microbes, making them the primary responders.
Option B: Eosinophils primarily combat parasitic infections and allergic reactions, not general innate defense. Their role is specific and not part of the core second-line response.
Option C: Basophils release histamine and heparin during inflammation and are involved in allergic responses, not phagocytic defense or immune surveillance.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Remember: **Neutrophils = first line**, **Monocytes = second line**. Monocytes are the precursors to macrophages and are critical for both inflammation and immune memory.
✓ Correct Answer: D. Monocyte