## Core Concept
The concept of **age of criminal responsibility** or **age of majority** in the context of criminal law refers to the minimum age at which a child is considered capable of committing a crime. This principle is crucial in pediatric and forensic medicine.

## Why the Correct Answer is Right
The correct age under which a child is considered incapable of committing an offense varies by jurisdiction but is commonly set at **7 years** in many legal systems, particularly in the context of common law and certain jurisdictions in India. Below this age, children are typically deemed to lack the cognitive maturity to form the necessary intent for a criminal offense. This is based on the understanding of child development and legal culpability.

## Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect
- **Option A:** Any age below 18 is not universally accepted as the age of criminal responsibility; it varies.
- **Option B:** The age of 12 might relate to certain legal presumptions but is not universally the age below which a child cannot commit an offense.
- **Option D:** The age of 18 is generally considered the age of majority in many jurisdictions but is not the age below which a child is incapable of committing an offense.

## Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact
A key point to remember is that the age of criminal responsibility can vary significantly between jurisdictions. For example, in some U.S. states, it can be as low as 6 or 7, while in others, it might be 10, 12, or 14. Knowing the specific age used in the jurisdiction relevant to your exam or practice is crucial.

## Correct Answer: C. 7.