A 6 year old child who was not taken any vaccination presented with acute membranous conjunctivitis. Which of the following is TRUE about acute membranous conjunctivitis?
**Core Concept**
Acute membranous conjunctivitis, also known as diphtheria conjunctivitis, is a rare but serious condition caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae. This infection leads to the formation of a membrane on the conjunctiva, which can cause severe vision impairment and potentially life-threatening complications.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer is D. This is because Corynebacterium diphtheriae is the causative agent of diphtheria, which can manifest as acute membranous conjunctivitis in unvaccinated individuals. The bacteria produce a toxin that causes the formation of a membrane on the conjunctiva, leading to symptoms such as conjunctival congestion, photophobia, and vision impairment. The toxin also causes systemic complications, including cardiac and neurological problems.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is incorrect because it does not specify the causative agent of acute membranous conjunctivitis. While Neisseria gonorrhoeae can cause conjunctivitis, it is not associated with membranous conjunctivitis.
**Option B:** This option is incorrect because it does not accurately describe the causative agent of acute membranous conjunctivitis. Haemophilus influenzae can cause conjunctivitis, but it is not typically associated with a membranous form.
**Option C:** This option is incorrect because it does not specify the causative agent of acute membranous conjunctivitis. While Streptococcus pneumoniae can cause conjunctivitis, it is not typically associated with a membranous form.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
It is essential to consider the vaccination status of patients presenting with acute membranous conjunctivitis, as unvaccinated individuals are at increased risk of developing this condition.
**Correct Answer:** D. Corynebacterium diphtheriae.