Congenital toxoplasmosis-False is:
**Core Concept**
Congenital toxoplasmosis occurs when the Toxoplasma gondii parasite is transmitted from the mother to the fetus during pregnancy, leading to various systemic and ocular manifestations in the newborn. The parasite can infect the fetus through the placenta, causing inflammation and damage to multiple organ systems.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Toxoplasmosis is caused by the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii, which has a complex life cycle involving two hosts: the definitive host (domestic cat) and the intermediate host (various mammals, including humans). The parasite forms oocysts in the cat's intestine, which are then shed in the feces and can contaminate the environment. Humans become infected through ingestion of contaminated food or water, or by accidental ingestion of oocysts during gardening or other activities. In pregnant women, the parasite can cross the placenta and infect the fetus, leading to congenital toxoplasmosis.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is incorrect because Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite, not a bacterium. While bacteria can cause a range of infections, protozoa like T. gondii have distinct life cycles and transmission patterns.
**Option B:** This option is incorrect because the primary route of transmission of Toxoplasma gondii to humans is not through direct contact with infected cats, but through ingestion of contaminated food or water. Direct contact with cats can lead to oocyst shedding, but human-to-human transmission is rare.
**Option C:** This option is incorrect because while toxoplasmosis can cause a range of systemic symptoms, including fever, headache, and muscle aches, it does not typically cause a rash.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Toxoplasmosis can be prevented through proper food handling and hygiene practices, including avoiding undercooked meat and washing hands thoroughly after handling cat litter. Pregnant women should also avoid activities that may involve accidental ingestion of oocysts, such as gardening or handling contaminated soil.
**Correct Answer: C.**