A decrease in basal metabolic rate (BMR) is seen in which of the conditions?
**Core Concept**
Decrease in basal metabolic rate (BMR) is associated with conditions that affect energy expenditure or hormonal regulation, particularly in relation to thyroid function and body composition.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Obesity is characterized by an increase in body fat, leading to a decrease in BMR. This decrease is due to the loss of lean body mass, including muscle mass, which is a major determinant of BMR. As obesity progresses, the body's energy requirements decrease, and the BMR adapts to this change. Additionally, obesity is often associated with insulin resistance and chronic inflammation, which can further contribute to a decrease in BMR.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option B:** Hyperthyroidism is actually associated with an increase in BMR, as the thyroid gland produces excess thyroid hormones, which stimulate metabolic processes and increase energy expenditure.
**Option C:** Feeding, or the act of consuming food, can actually increase BMR temporarily due to the thermic effect of food (TEF). However, this increase is short-lived and does not result in a sustained decrease in BMR.
**Option D:** Exercise is known to increase BMR, both acutely and chronically, as it requires energy to perform physical activity and can also lead to increased muscle mass and improved insulin sensitivity.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
A decrease in BMR is a common feature of many chronic diseases, including obesity, diabetes, and certain types of cancer. Recognizing the relationship between BMR and body composition is essential for understanding the pathophysiology of these conditions and developing effective treatment strategies.
**✓ Correct Answer: A. Obesity**