Which of the following condition is associated with the presence of Osler’s nodes?
**Core Concept**
Osler's nodes are painful skin lesions that occur due to the septic emboli from infective endocarditis, leading to thrombosis and inflammation in the small blood vessels of the skin. This condition is characterized by the presence of immune complexes and platelet aggregation in the affected areas.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Osler's nodes are typically found on the extremities, particularly on the hands and feet, and are associated with the presence of septic emboli from infective endocarditis. The septic emboli cause an inflammatory response, leading to the formation of Osler's nodes. This condition is often seen in patients with subacute bacterial endocarditis, particularly those with involvement of the left-sided heart valves.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Erythema nodosum is a different condition characterized by the presence of tender, erythematous nodules on the lower extremities, typically associated with sarcoidosis, inflammatory bowel disease, or streptococcal infections.
**Option B:** Janeway lesions are also associated with infective endocarditis but are characterized by the presence of non-tender, erythematous macules on the palms and soles.
**Option C:** Splinter hemorrhages are small, linear hemorrhages under the nails, typically associated with infective endocarditis, but they are not the same as Osler's nodes.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Osler's nodes are a classic sign of infective endocarditis and should prompt a thorough investigation for underlying cardiac abnormalities.
**Correct Answer: C. Infective endocarditis.