Components of innate immunity that are active against viral cells includes:
**Core Concept**
Innate immunity is the first line of defense against infections, including viral infections. It involves physical, chemical, and cellular barriers that provide immediate defense against invading pathogens. The components of innate immunity that are active against viral cells include cells and proteins that recognize and destroy viral particles or infected cells.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer involves components of innate immunity that recognize and destroy viral particles or infected cells through various mechanisms. **Cytokines** and **chemokines** are signaling molecules that recruit immune cells to the site of infection, while **interferons** (IFNs) are proteins that inhibit viral replication by inducing an antiviral state in host cells. Additionally, **natural killer cells** (NK cells) are lymphocytes that recognize and destroy infected cells or tumor cells without prior antigen exposure.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is incorrect because **Complement system** primarily functions by enhancing phagocytosis and inducing cell lysis through the membrane attack complex, rather than directly recognizing and destroying viral particles.
**Option B:** This option is incorrect because **Acquired immunity** is a specific type of immune response that develops after exposure to an antigen, whereas innate immunity provides immediate defense against infections.
**Option C:** This option is incorrect because **Antibodies** are proteins produced by B cells that recognize and bind to specific antigens, but they are not components of innate immunity.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
To remember the components of innate immunity active against viral cells, recall the **"ICINS"** mnemonic: Interferons (I), Cytokines (C), Interleukins (I), Natural Killer cells (N), and Suppressor cells (S).
**Correct Answer:** C.