Which of the following complications is likely to result after several units of blood have been transfered?
**Core Concept**
The question is testing the understanding of a common complication associated with massive blood transfusion. Massive blood transfusion is defined as the administration of more than 10 units of blood within a 24-hour period or more than 5 units within a 4-hour period. This can lead to a range of complications due to the dilution of blood components.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Massive blood transfusion can lead to a condition known as _Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS)_. TLS occurs when large amounts of nucleic acids are released into the bloodstream due to the rapid destruction of cancer cells. This can cause a series of metabolic disturbances, including hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia, and hyperuricemia. The correct answer is likely associated with this condition.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Although hypocalcemia is a component of TLS, it is not the most direct complication of massive blood transfusion. Hypocalcemia is a downstream effect of the metabolic disturbances caused by TLS.
**Option B:** Hypovolemia is not a direct complication of massive blood transfusion. Instead, it is a potential cause of the need for blood transfusion.
**Option C:** Hypernatremia is not typically associated with massive blood transfusion. In fact, the administration of large amounts of blood can lead to the dilution of sodium levels in the blood.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
When administering massive blood transfusions, it is essential to monitor for signs of TLS, including hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, and hypocalcemia. Early recognition and treatment of TLS can help prevent long-term complications.
**Correct Answer:** D.