**Core Concept**
Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) is a life-sustaining therapy that provides essential nutrients to patients who cannot consume food orally. It involves the intravenous administration of a mixture of glucose, amino acids, electrolytes, and other essential nutrients. TPN is a complex therapy that requires careful planning and monitoring to prevent complications.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
One of the complications of TPN is Refeeding Syndrome, a potentially fatal condition that occurs when a patient is rapidly re-fed after a period of starvation or malnutrition. This leads to an imbalance in electrolytes, particularly phosphate, magnesium, and potassium, causing muscle weakness, cardiac arrhythmias, and respiratory failure. The mechanism behind Refeeding Syndrome involves the sudden increase in insulin levels, which drives phosphate into cells, leading to hypophosphatemia.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** While TPN can cause liver dysfunction, it is not a direct complication of TPN. Liver dysfunction may occur due to other factors such as pre-existing liver disease or the use of certain medications.
**Option B:** Hyperglycemia can occur with TPN, but it is not a unique complication of TPN. Hyperglycemia can occur with any intravenous glucose administration.
**Option C:** TPN can cause electrolyte imbalances, but this is not a specific complication of TPN. Electrolyte imbalances can occur with any intravenous therapy.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Refeeding Syndrome is a critical complication of TPN that can occur within 4-6 days of re-feeding. It is essential to closely monitor electrolyte levels and adjust TPN accordingly to prevent this potentially fatal condition.

**Correct Answer: C. Electrolyte imbalances**