Which of the following diseases is/are mediated through complement activation –
## **Core Concept**
The complement system is a part of the innate immune system that enhances (complements) the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear microbes and damaged cells from an organism, promoting inflammation and, ultimately, restoring normal cell function. Complement activation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of several diseases.
## **Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Option includes conditions like **Myasthenia Gravis**, **Pemphigus**, and **Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)**, all of which are known to involve complement activation in their pathophysiology. For instance, in SLE, immune complexes deposit in tissues and activate the complement system, leading to inflammation and tissue damage. Similarly, in Myasthenia Gravis, complement activation contributes to the destruction of acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction.
## **Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
- **Option A:** This option does not specify diseases but seems to be incomplete. However, if it suggested diseases not typically associated with complement activation, it would be incorrect for that reason.
- **Option B:** Similarly, without specific diseases listed, it's hard to evaluate, but if the diseases listed are not commonly associated with complement activation, this option would be incorrect.
- **Option D:** This option might list diseases not primarily mediated by complement activation. For example, diseases caused purely by genetic defects or direct toxic effects would not fit.
## **Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
A key point to remember is that **complement activation** is a double-edged sword; while it's crucial for defense against pathogens, its dysregulation can lead to diseases like **SLE** and **Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis**. The complement system can be activated through three pathways: classical, lectin, and alternative, each playing different roles in health and disease.
## **Correct Answer: C.**