Compared with cow&;s milk, mother&;s milk has more-
First, the core concept here is comparing the nutritional components of human milk and cow's milk. Common differences include fat, protein, lactose, vitamins, and minerals. Human milk is known to have more lactose and less protein compared to cow's milk. Also, the types of proteins differ; human milk has more whey and less casein. Fat content is similar, but the types of fats differ, with human milk having more unsaturated fats.
The correct answer is likely lactose. So the options might be lactose, casein, calcium, or sodium. Let me check. Cow's milk has more casein and calcium but less lactose. So if the question is asking what mother's milk has more of, lactose is the answer.
Now, the wrong options: A, B, C, D. Let's say the options are casein (A), calcium (B), lactose (C), and sodium (D). Then, the correct answer would be C. Then, explain why casein is more in cow's milk, calcium is higher in cow's milk, and sodium is lower in human milk.
Clinical pearl: Remember that human milk is lower in protein and minerals but higher in lactose and has more bioavailable nutrients. This is important for neonatal nutrition and why cow's milk isn't recommended for infants due to high protein and mineral load.
Putting it all together, the explanation should cover these points concisely, ensuring each section is addressed with the right details and terminology.
**Core Concept**
Human milk and cow's milk differ in macronutrient composition, with human milk adapted for optimal infant growth. Key differences include lactose, protein, and fat content, reflecting distinct enzymatic and metabolic needs of neonates.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Human milk contains **higher lactose** (7 g/100 mL vs. 4.8 g/100 mL in cow's milk), providing energy and supporting brain development. Lactose also enhances calcium absorption via the **calcium-lactose synergism**. In contrast, cow's milk has more casein and minerals, which are harder for infants to metabolize.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Cow's milk has **more casein** (25–30 g/L vs. 10–15 g/L in human milk), forming curds that infants struggle to digest.
**Option B:** Cow's milk contains **higher sodium** (450 mg/L vs. 150 mg/L in human milk), risking renal overload in neonates.
**Option C:** Cow's milk has **lower lactose**, which is the correct answer here.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Never feed cow's milk to infants under 1 year due to excessive protein/minerals and insufficient iron/lactose. Human milk's **lactose:protein ratio** (7:1 vs. 1:3 in cow's milk) is critical for neurodevelopment and renal safety.
**Correct Answer: C. Lactose**