Most commonly associated disorder with Down’s syndrome among the following is
**Core Concept**
Down's syndrome, a genetic disorder caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21, is associated with various medical and psychiatric comorbidities. The most common disorder linked to Down's syndrome is a condition that affects the thyroid gland.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The condition most commonly associated with Down's syndrome is congenital hypothyroidism, which occurs due to thyroid dysgenesis or dyshormonogenesis. This leads to a deficiency in thyroid hormones, which are essential for normal growth and development. The thyroid gland may be underdeveloped or absent in individuals with Down's syndrome, resulting in hypothyroidism. Early detection and treatment of congenital hypothyroidism are crucial to prevent intellectual disability and other complications.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:**
While there is an increased risk of leukemia in individuals with Down's syndrome, it is not the most commonly associated disorder.
**Option B:**
Individuals with Down's syndrome are at a higher risk for cardiovascular diseases, but this is not the most common associated disorder.
**Option C:**
While there is an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease in individuals with Down's syndrome, it is not the most commonly associated disorder.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Individuals with Down's syndrome are at a higher risk for congenital hypothyroidism, and early detection through newborn screening is crucial to prevent long-term complications.
**Correct Answer:** A. Congenital hypothyroidism.