Commonest indication for….. liver transplantation in infant is –
**Core Concept**
Liver transplantation in infants is a complex procedure that requires careful consideration of various indications. The most common indication for liver transplantation in infants is biliary atresia, a condition characterized by the absence or obstruction of the bile ducts, leading to liver damage and cirrhosis.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Biliary atresia is the most common indication for liver transplantation in infants due to the progressive nature of the disease. Infants with biliary atresia typically present with jaundice, pale stools, and dark urine, which can lead to liver cirrhosis and failure if left untreated. The Kasai procedure, a surgical intervention to restore bile flow, is often attempted initially, but liver transplantation is usually required in cases where the Kasai procedure is unsuccessful or if the disease progresses rapidly.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency is a genetic disorder that can cause liver disease, but it is not the most common indication for liver transplantation in infants.
**Option B:** Neonatal hepatitis is a condition characterized by inflammation of the liver in newborns, but it is not the most common indication for liver transplantation in infants.
**Option C:** Congenital hepatic fibrosis is a rare congenital disorder that can lead to liver disease, but it is not the most common indication for liver transplantation in infants.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Biliary atresia is a medical emergency that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment. Early recognition and referral to a pediatric liver transplant center can improve outcomes and survival rates for infants with this condition.
**Correct Answer:** C.