Cognizable offences are all except:
**Core Concept**
Cognizable offenses are a category of crimes in the Indian Penal Code (IPC) and other jurisdictions, where the police have the authority to make an arrest without a warrant. This is typically reserved for serious offenses that pose a threat to public safety or involve significant harm.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The Indian Penal Code (IPC) defines cognizable offenses as crimes where the police can arrest a person without a warrant. This category includes offenses such as murder, rape, and dacoity, where the police have the authority to take immediate action to prevent harm to the public or to apprehend the perpetrator. The IPC Section 2(c) specifically outlines the types of offenses that are cognizable.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is incorrect because it does not specify a cognizable offense. Without more information, it's difficult to determine if this is a cognizable offense or not.
**Option B:** This option is incorrect because it is not a recognized category of crimes under the IPC. Non-cognizable offenses are actually a category of crimes where the police cannot arrest a person without a warrant.
**Option C:** This option is incorrect because it is a type of offense that is typically considered non-cognizable. Petty offenses such as traffic violations or minor crimes are usually not considered serious enough to warrant arrest without a warrant.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
The distinction between cognizable and non-cognizable offenses is crucial in the context of law enforcement and public safety. Understanding the categories of offenses can help individuals navigate the legal system and appreciate the importance of due process.
**Correct Answer: D.**