Cognitive model of depression was given by:
**Core Concept**
The cognitive model of depression is a psychological framework that posits that negative thought patterns and cognitive distortions contribute to the development and maintenance of depressive symptoms. This model emphasizes the role of distorted thinking in perpetuating depressive episodes, and it has been influential in the development of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for depression.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The cognitive model of depression was first proposed by Aaron T. Beck, a psychiatrist and psychologist who is considered the founder of CBT. Beck's model suggests that individuals with depression tend to exhibit negative thinking patterns, such as all-or-nothing thinking, overgeneralization, and catastrophizing, which can lead to feelings of hopelessness and worthlessness. These negative thoughts can become self-reinforcing, creating a cycle of depression that is difficult to break. The cognitive model emphasizes the importance of identifying and challenging these negative thought patterns in order to alleviate depressive symptoms.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Beck's triad, which includes hopelessness, worthlessness, and helplessness, is a related concept, but it is not the cognitive model of depression itself.
**Option B:** The biopsychosocial model of depression is a more comprehensive framework that incorporates biological, psychological, and social factors, but it is not a specific cognitive model.
**Option C:** The psychodynamic model of depression, which emphasizes the role of unconscious conflicts and childhood experiences, is a different theoretical framework that is not directly related to the cognitive model.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
One key aspect of the cognitive model of depression is the concept of cognitive distortions, which are systematic errors in thinking that can contribute to depressive symptoms. These distortions include all-or-nothing thinking, overgeneralization, and catastrophizing, among others.
**Correct Answer: C. Aaron T. Beck**