‘Cobble stone’ appearance of conjunctiva is seen in
**Core Concept**
The 'cobblestone' appearance of the conjunctiva refers to a characteristic irregular, uneven, or bumpy texture, often seen in conjunctival scarring or inflammation. This phenomenon is typically associated with chronic conditions affecting the conjunctiva, leading to the formation of scar tissue and altered epithelial architecture.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The 'cobblestone' appearance is a result of the formation of scar tissue and the resulting irregularity in the conjunctival epithelium. This is often seen in conditions such as trachoma, a chronic infection caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. Trachoma leads to repeated bouts of conjunctival inflammation, which can ultimately result in the formation of scar tissue and the characteristic 'cobblestone' appearance.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This is not a valid option.
**Option B:** While certain conditions can cause scarring of the conjunctiva, the 'cobblestone' appearance is not typically associated with this condition.
**Option C:** This option is not relevant to the 'cobblestone' appearance of the conjunctiva.
**Option D:** This is not a correct answer.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
The 'cobblestone' appearance of the conjunctiva is a classic sign of trachoma, a leading cause of preventable blindness worldwide. It is essential for clinicians to recognize this sign and investigate further to diagnose trachoma and implement appropriate treatment.
**Correct Answer: B. Trachoma.**