All of the following clinical findings are seen in Horner’s syndrome, Except:
**Core Concept**
Horner's syndrome is a neurologic disorder characterized by a disruption in the sympathetic nerves supplying the eye, resulting in a triad of ptosis, miosis, and anhidrosis. It can occur due to various causes, including central nervous system lesions, peripheral nerve damage, or congenital anomalies.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Horner's syndrome is classically associated with ptosis (drooping eyelid), miosis (constricted pupil), and anhidrosis (absence of sweating) on the affected side. The ptosis is due to the loss of sympathetic innervation to the superior tarsal muscle, while the miosis is caused by the loss of sympathetic input to the dilator pupillae muscle. The anhidrosis is a result of the disruption of sympathetic nerves that regulate sweat gland function.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is not a characteristic finding of Horner's syndrome. In fact, enophthalmos (sinking of the eyeball into the orbit) is often seen in Horner's syndrome, but it is not a distinctive feature.
**Option B:** Miosis is a hallmark of Horner's syndrome, so this option is incorrect. Miosis is caused by the loss of sympathetic input to the dilator pupillae muscle.
**Option C:** This option is not typically associated with Horner's syndrome. While there may be some variability in the presentation of Horner's syndrome, ptosis, miosis, and anhidrosis are the classic triad of findings.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
When assessing a patient with suspected Horner's syndrome, look for the classic triad of ptosis, miosis, and anhidrosis. Enophthalmos may also be present, but it is not a distinctive feature.
**Correct Answer: A. Enophthalmos**