Citric acid is applied to root surface:
**Core Concept**
The application of citric acid to the root surface is a procedure used in periodontal therapy to reduce calculus (tartar) and promote healing. This process is based on the principle of acidulated fluoride therapy, where citric acid is used to dissolve and remove mineralized deposits.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Citric acid is a weak organic acid that has a pH of around 1.2, making it an effective agent for dissolving and removing calculus. When applied to the root surface, citric acid works by chelating calcium ions, which are essential for the formation of calculus. This process involves the formation of a stable complex between citric acid and calcium ions, thereby preventing the formation of new calculus and promoting the removal of existing deposits.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option A:** Not applicable, as the correct answer is not provided.
* **Option B:** Not relevant, as the question is about the application of citric acid to the root surface, not about a specific type of calculus.
* **Option C:** Not correct, as citric acid is not used to promote calculus formation.
* **Option D:** Not relevant, as the question is about the application of citric acid, not about a specific type of fluoride therapy.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Citric acid is often used in combination with other agents, such as hydrogen peroxide, to enhance its effectiveness in removing calculus and promoting healing. It is essential to note that citric acid should be used with caution, as excessive use can lead to root surface damage.
**Correct Answer:** Not Provided